Schedule

200 Religion

 

 

200       Religion

The official Dewey schedule defines religion as “Beliefs, attitudes, practices of individuals and groups with respect to the ultimate nature of existence and relationships within the context of revelation, deity, worship”. In practice this schedule casts a very slightly wider net than the one it replaces (see 212 in particular) but this remains a fair working definition.

Comprehensive works on Christianity are relocated to 270, in fact the whole schedule is completely different from Dewey 21; see the following summary.

The various options detailed in this class in standard Dewey 21 are rendered redundant by the more equitable treatment given the various religions in this phoenix schedule; in fact there should now be no need to give “preferred treatment to a religion other than Christianity”.
In any case, it is recommended that this schedule is used precisely “as is”.

Note that at many points in this schedule numbers are presented with a space after each third digit after the decimal point. THIS IS PURELY TO MAKE THEM EASIER TO READ – the spaces do not form part of the number.

 

SUMMARY

200          Comparative religion, works concerned with several religions

210          Cults, quasi, historical religions, tribal, folk and localised religions

212                    Anti religions, cults, quasi religions

214                    Historical religions

217                    Religions of pre-literate peoples – folk religion

219                    Ethnic and localised religions

220          Hinduism

232          Jainism

238          Sikhism

240          Buddhism

253          Confucianism

254          Taoism

256          Shinto

258          Zoroastrianism

260          Judaism

270          Christianity

280          Islam

290          Bahá’í Faith

N.B. in this phoenix schedule – religion in general, and all specific religions, are divided in the same basic way – this may be summarised as follows: 

                  -1      General introductions, apologetics, comparisons

                  -2      Historical and geographic treatment

                  -3      Personages – religious biography

                  -4      Sources (holy books etc.)

                  -5      Conception of deity, ethical core, principles (theology)

                  -6      Laws, prescriptions and proscriptions

                  -7      Calendars, festive and holy days

                  -8      Religious life and practice

                  -9      Institutions, administration

200  Comparative religion, works concerned with several religions

Class here encyclopaedias, dictionaries, and other works dealing comprehensively with various religions, or the concept of religion in general, as well as comparative religion.

Under 201-209 class works treating specific topics in either the context of several religions, or of no religion in particular. Class any aspect of any specific religion with that religion in 210-299. For example, all subjects treated from a specifically Christian viewpoint are classed in the 270s.

Many topics listed in 200-209 are in fact much more likely to occur in connection with a particular religion than here. This section fulfils a double purpose – the classification of works on comparative religion, and a model for the classification of any particular religion, although the enumerated schedules for the various religions do not necessarily mirror its every detail.

For Philosophy of Religion and “Natural Religion” refer to the manual note at 100 vs. 200

201  General introductions, apologetics, comparisons

.3          General introductions to the subject of religion, comparative religion

Class comprehensive works, encyclopaedias of religion etc. at 200

Class here works dealing with various religions, and the subject of comparative religion, in the most general way. Class works on specific topics not applied to specific religions, or treated in the light of several religions, with the topic in 202-209, e.g. a collection of biographies of the founders of several world religions 203.1

Class works on religions in or of particular countries in 202.6

.4          Value of religion

Including attacks on, and defences of, the value of religion (in general) to mankind.

.43             Works defending, praising the value of religion (apologetics).

.48             Works attacking, denigrating the value of religion (polemics).

Class works defending or attacking a particular religion with the religious background (or apparent religious background) of the author(s). For works on atheism, agnosticism see the relevant note in the manual.

.6          General inter-religion relations

Class here the general subject of the relations between the different religions.

Class works describing one religion in the light of another, or polemics against one religion by a follower or followers of another, with the religion of the author(s) under [-16]. For instance, a Muslim polemic against Christianity  281.67, a Bahá’í discussion of Islam  291.68

Class specific doctrine on the subject with the religion concerned – e.g. the Bahá’í teaching of the oneness of religion at 295.211

.7          Religion compared or opposed to other (secular) subjects

Add to the base number 201.7 the Dewey class number for the subject concerned (without trailing zeros or decimal points). Thus, “Religion and science” becomes 201.75

For a subject compared or opposed to a particular religion, class with that religion – thus Christianity and science  271.75; Islam and science  281.75 etc.

Use 201.7 numbers (and their equivalents under particular religions) for clash and controversy, for influence or prohibition, and for real or imagined incompatibility (or reconciliation or refutation of this incompatibility). In particular, a religious library will sometimes class a work at this point that another library would class with its “other” subject.

At times numbers that might be built at this point have equivalents or close equivalents elsewhere in this phoenix schedule, or in standard Dewey 21. For example, art and religion is  201.77 - BUT class the use of art in worship at 208.83; while religious art in general goes with art (in the 700s). 201.737 might very well be used for relationships between religion and secular education, BUT class Religious Education at 208.7; while schools providing general education run by churches or other religious organisations are classed in the 370s. When in doubt, or where the distinction seems less than useful, use the alternative rather than the “201.7” number (or its equivalent at, say, 221.7, 271.7 or 281.7 etc.)

In any case, do not class either specific religious teachings or doctrines, or works that belong outside the 200s at this point. For example, “religion and civil rights” is a useful heading at 201.7323 – but specific religious doctrine touching on the same subject is classed at 205.6535; and secular works on the right to religious freedom will be classed under 323!

202  Historical and geographical treatment of religion

.5          General history of religion(s)

Class in relevant period general surveys of religions originating, flowering at that time – e.g. “New” or recent religious sects, movements 202.59

Class works on the history of particular religions or particular topics, aspects of religion(s) with the religion or topic concerned – e.g. general history of the Christian church is classed at 272.5 – the history of Christian missions is classed at 279.872 - “Historical” religions – e.g. ancient Roman religion – are classed under 214. Class history of religion in particular countries in 202.6 unless the work concerned refers to a particular historical period.

.52             Prehistoric and “primitive” religion

Class here comprehensive works on pre-literate religion, including that of modern pre-literate peoples. Class works particularly treating modern pre-literate religion(s), pagan revivals etc. at appropriate headings under 210

.53             Religion in ancient (“classical”) times (up to about 700 AD)

Class works on particular religions of this period in 214

.55             Religion in the middle ages   

.553                      Religion in the early middle ages (up to about 1000 AD)

.554                      Religion in the later middle ages (up to about 1400)

.56             Religion in the renaissance period (up to about 1600)

.57             Religion in the seventeenth century

.58             Religion in the eighteenth century

.59             Religion since the end of the eighteenth century

.591                      Religion in the nineteenth century

.592                      Religion in the twentieth century

.593                      Religion in the twenty-first century

For the history of a particular religion, a different “period” schedule will often apply – see in particular 272.5 and 292.5

.6          Religion(s) in particular places, countries, geographic regions

Add to the base number 202.6 notation 4-9 from Table 2,  e.g.  Religion(s) in Australia 202.694

Class here works on religion(s) in general – limited by place. This refers either to several religions originating in a particular country, region, or place - or else different religions as currently found in a particular country. (Note that these two things are actually quite different – but are treated here as if they were equivalent). Class works on a particular religion in a particular country with the religion concerned – thus a history or survey of the Christian church in China is classed at 272.651 – Buddhism in China is 242.651, and so on.  Confucianism and Taoism are essentially Chinese religions – thus Taoism in China is simply classed at 254. Similarly, of course, for Hinduism in India: use 220, rather than 222.654

Class works on the history of religion in a particular country or region in a particular period under period rather than country e.g. class “Religion in Medieval Spain” at 202.55 rather than 202.646

.7          Sects, heresies, divisions, schisms, reform movements etc.

Class particular denominations etc. with the religion to which they consider themselves to belong – e.g.  Anglicanism with Christianity, at 272.762, Sunnism with Islam, at 282.74

Class here works on religious (doctrinal and political) controversy and the tendency for religions in general to become divided into sects – or treating or comparing sects of more than one religion.

Class particular “schools of theology” in relation to several religions under 205.0 – e.g. Fundamentalism (in several religions) 205.017

.71             Relations between denominations (in several religions)

.712                      Interdenominational strife – persecution etc

.712 3                          Inquisitions

.719                      Ecumenical movements – interdenominational co-operation.

.72             History of doctrinal controversy

203  Personages – General religious biography

Class here collections of religious biography spanning several religions, as well as biography of students of comparative religion. For biography of a particular religion, see that religion – at (for example) Jewish religious biography 263, Muslim biography 283 and so on.

Note that the pattern outlined below is followed for classifying biography for most religions, but there are some notable exceptions – see especially Judaism and the Bahá’í Faith.

Class persons falling into more than one category (say, a martyred missionary) in the category occurring first in the schedule.

.1          Founders of religions

For works specifically on the station of founders of religions, see 205.21. Class here biography, comprehensive works.

.3          Other major religious figures

.4          Saints and martyrs etc.

For works other than biography – use 205.27

.5          Members of monastic and other religious orders

.6          Clergy and other religious leaders

For duties, station of clergy, leaders etc. -  use 209.6

.61             By kinds, hierarchical position

.62             By specialised function, duties

Add to base number 203.62 numbers following 209.62  - for example:

.626 2                   Faith healers

.626 4                   Exorcists

.627 37                 Preachers, evangelists

.8          Missionaries

.9          Other religious biography

Including scholars, theologians, historians etc..

 

204  Sources (Holy books, scriptures, myths and legends)

Class here collections of, or works about, the scripture of several different religions – class scripture peculiar to a particular religion with that religion – e.g. class Hindu scripture under 224, Bahá’í scripture under 294. Class works recognised as scripture by more than one religion with the religion from which the work in question originated e.g. the Old Testament with Judaism, under 264 – unless treated from a specifically non-Jewish point of view.

Class the private reading of scripture as an aspect of religious life at 208.35 – the use of scripture in worship at 208.824

.1          Works ABOUT Scriptures

.11             Authorship, origins, authenticity

.112                      Canon

.113                      Inspiration – revelation

.113 2                          Inerrancy, authority

.12             Concordances etc.

.13             Textual studies

.14             Study - scriptural criticism (Exegesis)

.142                      Philosophical and introductory studies

.144                      Symbolisms and typology

.145                      Harmonies

.146                      Literary criticism (higher, internal, redaction criticism)

.147                      Historical criticism

.148                      Mythological, allegorical, numerological, astrological interpretations

.149                      Discussion and interpretation of scriptural prophecies

.15             Commentaries

.17             Secular subjects in scripture

Add to the base number 204.17 the Dewey class number for the subject concerned (without trailing zeros or decimal points). Thus, “Mathematics in scripture”  becomes 204.1751

.18             Background to scriptures

.182                      General history, civilisation of times when scripture originated.

Class religious history in 202.5 – class scriptural stories for children in 204.3222

(.183                      Persons)

Generally, prefer 203 (religious biography) except for minor characters of scriptural stories.

.186                      Geography – maps and atlases of relevant areas in times scriptures originated.

.19             History of scripture

.193                      Textual history

Including scriptural archaeology – authority of ancient texts.

.195                      History of translations

Add to the base number 204.195 notation 2-9 from Table 6 – e.g. 204.195 2 English translations of scripture. Class actual scriptural texts, regardless of language, in 204.2 – 204.9

.2          General collections of scriptural writings (from several religious traditions)

.3          Special collections of scriptural writings (from several religious traditions)

.32             Collections compiled for a specific purpose

.322                     Collections compiled for specific classes of reader

Add to base number 204.322 relevant numbers from table PS1. Some likely headings are enumerated below – but refer to the table for further detail if necessary

.322 2                          Children

Including scriptural stories (from several religions) retold for children.

.322 6                          Persons experiencing illness, trouble, bereavement

.322 71                        Persons of lower, working, oppressed class or caste

.322 91                        New and isolated  believers

.322 913                            New converts

.322 915                            Isolated believers

.325                     Scriptural collections of Prayers

.326                     Scriptural collections compiled for use in personal devotions

.327                     Scriptural collections compiled for feasts and/or holy days

.328                     Scriptural collections compiled for educational purposes

.33             Collections linked by form

.34             Collections linked by subject

.36             Collections linked by date or period

Specific Scriptural works are classed with the religion concerned. Scriptural works recognised by more than one religion are normally classed with the religion with which they originated. For instance the Jewish “Old Testament” (also recognised as scripture, or at least as a holy book, by Christianity, Islam, and the Bahá’í Faith) is classed with Judaism, unless edited or treated from a specifically non-Jewish point of view.

.8          Traditions, legends, apocryphal writings (from several religious traditions)

Class here oral traditions

.83             Traditions

.85             Mythology, legends

.87             Apocryphal writings

 

205  Conception of deity, ethical core, principles

Class here doctrine, theology, of several religions – as well as consideration of doctrinal questions without reference to any particular religion. Class the doctrine or theology of a particular religion with that religion - e.g. class Buddhist doctrine under 245, Christian doctrine under 275.

Class at 205 comparisons of creeds, confessions of faith, catechisms in various religions.

 In case of doubt as to whether a work treats theology or religious law (206) – class with law.

[.0         Schools and kinds of theology]

Do NOT use 205.0 on its own – this number only has meaning when followed by other notation, as detailed below.

 For basic concepts of God etc., use 205.1 and its subdivisions. Thus under 205.111 we might find general works on monotheism, either without reference to any particular creed, or comparing the monotheistic doctrines of several different religions.

.01             Religious orthodoxy

.011                      Scriptural theology

.013                      Neo-orthodoxy

.017                      Fundamentalism

Including millennialism – see also doomsday cults at 212.54

.03             Philosophical theologies

Class Deism, Theism as creeds in their own right at 212.1 – see also manual note at 100 vs. 200.

.04             Dispensationalist theology

.05             Liberal, reform theologies

.054                      Modernism

.055                      Feminist theology

Class feminism as such at 205.322

.059                      Liberation theology

.07             “Uniting” and Ecumenical theologies

.075                      Syncretic theologies

.08             Contextual theology

.083                      Theology concerning particular groups of people

Add to base number 205.083 appropriate notation from Table PS1

.086                      Theology in the context of particular countries, regions, places

Add to base number 205.086 appropriate notation from Table 2

.1          God – Prime Cause – The Infinite

Class  “gods” and “goddesses” other than a single, supreme Deity at 205.23

.11             Basic conceptions of the Deity

.111                      Monotheism

.111 3                          Trinitarianism

.112                      Dualism

.113                      Polytheism and animism

.113 3                          Polytheism

.113 5                          Animism

.114                      Pantheism

.115                      Anthropomorphism

.115 5                          God as a woman

.12             Existence, knowability, names, attributes of God

.121                     Existence of God

.121 2                          Proofs

.121 3                          Agnosticism

.121 4                          Atheism

Class agnosticism, atheism as beliefs in their own right at 212.33/34 

.123                     Knowability of God

.123 2                          Knowable through logic, reason

.123 4                          Knowable through faith

.123 6                          Knowable through tradition

.123 8                          Acceptance through revelation (by prophet(s))

.125                     Attributes (names) of God

.125 2                          Goodness of God

.125 3                          God the creator

.125 4                          Just ruler of the universe

.125 41                              Sovereignty, kingdom of God

.125 42                              Wisdom, omniscience of God

.125 43                              Mercy of God

.125 45                              Justice of God

.125 5                          Other attributes and titles of God

Including omnipotence, transcendence etc. For Love of God use 205.15

.15             Love of God

.18             Primal will, Holy Spirit

.2          Other supernatural, divine or semi-divine beings

.21             God incarnate or manifested in human form – Prophet of God – Messiah

.212                      Humanity (of Incarnation, Prophet) relationship to God

.214                      Revelation, progressive revelation (of Incarnation, Prophet)

For works specifically on authorship, inerrancy of scripture, see under 204.1

.215                      Miracles (of Incarnation, Prophet)

.219                      Prophethood – prophecies (of Incarnation, Prophet)

.23             Gods and Goddesses –  other objects of worship

.232                      Personifications of natural forces, features of nature

.232 1                          The “elements”

.232 12                              Earth

Class here worship of Mother Earth – mountains and other terrestrial features

.232 13                              Air

Class here astrolatry, worship of sky, heavenly bodies (other than the sun)

.232 14                              Fire

Class here worship of fire, volcanos, the sun, sun gods

.232 15                              Water

Class here worship of rivers, lakes, the sea – of sea gods

.232 8                          Gods in the form of sacred trees and other plants

.232 9                          Gods in the form of animals

Class here totemism – for representations of totems see 208.837 4

.233                      Personifications of aspects of human life

.233 1                          Gods of good (or bad) fortune, luck, chance. Destiny.

.233 2                          Gods of skill, knowledge, craftsmanship

.233 4                          Gods of speech, language. Messages. Symbolism.

.233 5                          Gods of creativity, joy. Sex.

.233 6                          Gods of destructivity. War.

.25             Spirit beings

.253                      Ancestors, ghosts of the dead

.255                      Good spirits, Angels etc.

.257                      Neutral, ambiguous spirits

.258                      Evil spirits, demons, fallen angels etc.

.27             Saints, holy people, martyrs

For comprehensive works on particular saints, biography of saints, see under the religion of the saint  (under [-3]) – for prayer to (or in the name of) saints use 208.338

.271                      Beatification, canonisation etc.

.275                      Miracles associated with Saints

.3          Humanity

.31             Creation, purpose, relation to God

.311                      Faith, belief and doubt

For proofs of the existence of God use 205.121 – for faith as a virtue, use 205.472

.312                      Creation in the image of God

.313                      Relationship between soul and body – essential nature of the individual

For works on the immortality of the soul, use 205.324 – for salvation, see 205.34

.315                      Dependence on God

.315 5                          Submission to the will of God

.316                      Conscience – sense of right and wrong, of shame

.32             Nature of humanity and human society - relation to natural world

.321                      Relations between nations and the races of humankind

.322                      Relations between the sexes – male and female qualities – Yin and Yang

Class here feminism, and male supremist works, as well as the equality of the sexes.

.323                      Relations between social classes, castes

For economic aspects of this question – use 205.663 5

.324                      Immortality of the human spirit

Class here death - near-death experiences etc.

.324 2                          Reincarnation, karma

For the effect of good works on salvation, use 205.34755

.324 8                          Conditional immortality

.325                      Free will and predestination

Class here destiny, determinism – fatalist views.

.326                      Humankind and the natural world

.326 3                          Nature of creation

.326 31                              Eternity of creation

.326 35                              Laws of nature

Class here works on the nature of miracles and the miraculous

.326 37                              Kingdoms of creation

.326 374                                  Relationship of mankind to non-living part of creation

.326 378                                  Relationship of mankind to plant life

.326 379                                  Relationship of mankind to animals

.326 5                          Evolution

Class here discussion of the question of evolution in a purely religious context – see also manual note at 201.75 vs. 205.326 5 vs. 576.8.

.33             Eschatology

Class death, immortality under 205.324 – class heaven, hell and the life to come under 205.348.

.332                      Eternity

.333                      Resurrection, return

.335                      Day of God; last days; last judgement etc.

.337                      Calamity, wrath of God

.34             Salvation etc.

.342                      Good and evil

.343                      Temptation, sin (class here original sin and fall)

.343 3                          Mortal and venial sin

.344                      Accountability, guilt, responsibility for sins

.345                      Repentance, atonement, contrition

.346                      Redemption

.347                      Salvation, divine forgiveness

.347 5                          Grace and good works

.347 53                              Grace

Including actual, sanctifying grace – means of grace.

.347 55                              Good works

For doctrines of karma use 205.3242

.348                      Heaven and Hell

.348 8                          Intermediate states, limbo, purgatory

.349                      Nirvana, states of blissful extinction

.4          Principles, morals, personal ethics

Treat personal ethics in relation to a particular religion with that religion – e.g. Christian moral theology 275.4 . For religious occupational ethics see 205.5, social ethics 205.6.

Class here “natural law”, “divine law” but for specific laws, codes of conduct, use 206.

Class at 205.4 (and its equivalents under particular religions) general works on “living a good life” – but class Conscience, sense of shame at 205.316, and Good and evil, Sin, and Good works (as an element in salvation) under 205.34.

.40             Guides to a good and holy life for specific classes of person

Add to the base number 205.40 numbers from table PS1 – as in the following examples – if necessary refer to the table for more detail. For specific virtues see 205.41 – 205.49

.402                      Children

.403                      Adolescents, youth, university students

.404                      Adults

.404 2                          Men

.404 3                          Women

.404 5                          Parents

Class here religious works on child rearing, parenting

.405                      Persons in late adulthood – elderly

.406                      Persons experiencing illness, trouble, bereavement

.408                      Occupational groups

Add to the number 205.408 the Dewey number for the discipline involved – e.g., Works on living a good and holy life for members of the medical profession, health workers 205.40861.

(205.41 – 205.49  Specific qualities, virtues and vices)

In this schedule, vice is seen as a deficiency of its corresponding virtue. E.g., a work on pride (as a vice) is classed at the number for humility.  Moral qualities are defined positively throughout – although each positive quality is implicitly accompanied by its negative opposite.

.41             Justice, fair-mindedness

.411                      Equity, fairness

.412                      Fair-mindedness, absence of “blind faith”

.414                      Freedom from superstitious rejection of scientific or other truth.

.415                      Rejection and elimination of prejudice and intolerance, open-mindedness

.415 1                          Religious intolerance

.415 2                          Moral intolerance

Class here undue intolerance due to differing moral standards – e.g. homophobia.

.415 3                          Racism and Ethnicism

.415 5                          Sexism

.415 7                          Ageism

.415 8                          Intolerance of people suffering from illnesses and handicaps

.416                      Mercy, forgiveness

.42             Honour, purity

.421                      Self-respect, honour

.422                      Honesty, ethical dealing

.424                      Truthfulness

.426                      Trustworthiness

.427                      Matching words with deeds

.428                      Purity

.429                      Chastity, sexual and reproductive morals (class here lust, promiscuity)

.43             Self control, prudence, wisdom

.433                      Moderation, temperance, restraint (class here excess, gluttony, drunkenness)

.434                      Thrift (including careful use of natural resources – but see 205.442 below)

.436                      Dignity

.437                      Modest dress and sensible reaction to fashion

.438                      Patience, gentleness (class here anger, wrath, violence)

.439                      Wisdom, prudence, discretion

.44             Kindliness and related virtues, caring

.442                      Concern for the environment, life in general

Class ahimsa, ascetic avoidance of the taking of life at 208.45

.442 5                          Kindness to animals (including humanity in hunting and other use of animals)

.442 7                          Vegetarianism

.443                      “Golden Rule”

.443 3                          Sympathy and empathy (class here envy, jealousy)

.443 7                          Respect for others’ rights

.443 73                              Respect for human life (class here murder, suicide)

Class ahimsa, ascetic avoidance of the taking of life at 208.45

.443 75                              Respect for the property of others (class here theft, unfeeling destructiveness)

.444                      Generosity, charity, care for the poor and sick (class here greed, selfishness)

.445                      Encouragement

.446                      Courtesy and tact (class here abuse, profanity, verbal cruelty, backbiting)

.447                      Hospitality

.448                      Gratitude

.449                      Tolerance

.45             Love and related virtues

.453                      Love

.455                      Friendliness, friendship

.46             Selflessness and related virtues

.462                      Sacrifice

.464                      Service

.47             Humility and related virtues

.471                      Humility

.473                      Reverence (class here blasphemy)

.475                      Obedience

.48             Faith and related virtues

.482                      Faith

.483                      Courage

.484                      Happiness, Cheerfulness

.485                      Hope

.486                      Steadfastness and perseverance

.487                      Sincerity

.488                      Zeal (class here sloth)

.49             Other qualities and virtues/vices

.5          Occupational ethics

At 205.5 class the “work ethic”, work as service to mankind, as worship of God.

Add to the base number 205.5 the Dewey number for the discipline involved – e.g. religious doctrine on bioethics 205.557, medical ethics 205.561, ethics of management 205.565. Class specific virtues under 205.4 – e.g. honesty at 205.422.

.6          Social doctrines

Class here doctrine affecting religion and society. Works treating the practical relationships between religion(s) and social questions should generally be classed under 201.73 .

Class doctrine concerning the social nature of humanity under 205.32

Use 206.5 for social laws and obligations.

.63             Religious doctrine concerning Peace and War

.633                      Pacifist doctrines

Doctrines absolutely forbidding war in any circumstances.

.634                      Collective security

.635                      Armaments – arms race, disarmament and arms control

.635 2                          Landmines

.635 3                          Chemical weapons

.635 4                          Biological weapons

.635 5                          Nuclear weapons/disarmament

.636                      World peace

For international cooperation in general use 205.655

.637                      Warfare

.637 3                          Just war

War necessarily waged, for a just cause.

.637 4                          Holy war

.637 8                          Civil war

Class civil disobedience, revolution at 205.653 2

.64             Religious doctrine relating to international standards

.643                      International standard measure

.645                      International standard script

.646                      Universal second language

Add to base number 205.646 notation 2-9 from Table 6 to define the particular language under consideration – for example:

.646 2                          English

.646 999 92                 Esperanto

.65             Religious doctrine concerning government

.653                      Individuals and the state

.653 2                          Obedience to government

Class here doctrine on civil disobedience, revolution – class civil war at 205.637 8

.653 23                              Military service

Class here conscientious objection

.653 5                          Civil rights

.654                      Nationalism, patriotism

.655                      International relations, co-operation, world federation

.655 2                          International executive

.655 3                          International legislature

.655 4                          International law

.656                      Political systems

.656 3                          Republicanism

.656 5                          Royalism

.66             Religious doctrine concerning economics

For the specific virtues of justice, honesty, thrift, generosity etc. see numbers under 205.4

.663                      Spiritual solutions to economic questions

.663 3                          Relations between capital and labour

.663 5                          Excessive inequality – difference between very rich and very poor

Class here doctrine about poverty.

.665                      Economic systems

.665 3                          Socialism

.665 5                          Communism

.665 7                          Capitalism

.67             Doctrine concerning social life, customs and change

.673                      Social life and customs

.675                      Social change

206  Laws, prescriptions and proscriptions

Law enacted by religious or ecclesiastic bodies, and all other obligations, prescriptions and proscriptions, scriptural or legislated, imposed on members of various religions. Class laws affecting the followers of a particular religion with that religion. For instance, class Jewish law under 266 – Islamic law under 286. Class religious attitudes to secular law, and secular law as it affects religious institutions etc. EITHER under 201.734 or at the standard Dewey number under 340 – depending on the stress of the work concerned. Class scriptural texts used as source for religious law in 204

Class “natural law”, “divine law” under 205.4. Otherwise, if there is any doubt as to whether a work is about a teaching (theology) or law (205 or 206), class under 206 rather than 205

.1          General codes of personal, social conduct

Codes classed here may be recognised by many faiths, by two or three, or be exclusive to one. In any case, include here only “comparative religion” treatment – class all works on a specific religion with that religion.

.11             The Golden Rule

Including the Silver Rule. For adherence to the golden rule as a virtue, use 205.443

.12             Ten Commandments

.13             Sermon on the Mount (Beatitudes)

Class works on the Beatitudes other than as a code of conduct, and comprehensive works, at 274.4723

.14             The Four Noble Truths

.148                      The Noble Eightfold Path

.3          Personal laws

.31             Laws affecting membership of a religious body

.311                      Conversion, initiation

.312                      Sanctions affecting membership

.313                      Expulsion, excommunication

.314                      Voluntarily resigning membership of a religion – lapsed membership – “conversion out”

.315                      Membership of other bodies, religious or otherwise

.316                      Obligations and privileges

.316 4                          Tithes and other obligatory payments.

For dietary obligations use 206.33

.32             Laws of personal conduct

.321                     Laws concerning respect for God, religion

Class here binding authority of religious institutions

.321 2                          Apostasy, heresy, dissent

Class here works in favour of, or against, religious freedom, toleration.

.321 4                          Blasphemy

.322                     Laws affecting sexual conduct, reproduction

Class sexual abuse, rape at 206.32474. For marriage laws use 206.553 – for chastity as a virtue, use 205.429

.322 2                          Adultery and fornication

.322 4                          Homosexuality

.322 6                          Birth control; abortion; artificial insemination, embryo transplant etc.

.322 8                          Pornography – obscenity in literature, art etc.

.324                     Laws concerning respect of the body, of human life

.324 5                          Use of alcohol and other drugs

.324 52                              Use of tobacco, caffeine

.324 54                              Alcohol

.324 56                              Marijuana and other “soft” narcotics

.324 57                              Opium and its derivatives

.324 59                              Other “hard” narcotics

.324 7                          Violence (including violence within the family)

Class ahimsa, ascetic avoidance of the taking of life at 208.45

.324 72                              Assault

.324 74                              Rape - sexual abuse

.324 742                                  Sexual abuse of children

.324 75                              Murder and manslaughter

.324 76                              Suicide – assisted suicide and euthanasia

.324 77                              Warfare

.324 778                                  Holy War

.326                     Laws concerning respect of property

.326 3                          Theft

.326 5                          Fraud

.326 7                          Malicious damage, arson etc.

.327                     Laws of respect for other’s rights

.327 6                          Libel, slander

.327 8                          Discrimination

.328                     Other “personal” laws

.328 2                          Gambling

.328 4                          Involvement with psychic phenomena, the occult

.33             Laws of diet

.334                     Foods totally proscribed (e.g. as unclean)

.334 2                          Unclean (and sacred) beasts

.334 5                          Vegetarianism

.335                     Use of blood

.336                     Methods of slaughter of animals

.338                     Methods of cooking – proscribed combinations of food

.35             Laws of dress

Include veiling of women, modesty in dress etc.

.5          Social laws

.53             Theocracy, religious government

For the relationship between religion and the secular state use 201.732 – for religious doctrine on relations with secular government use 205.65. Class here temporal power of religious leaders and institutions.

.55             Laws of family life

.552                     Duties of children to parents

Class here parental authority. For duties of parents to children use 206.555.

.553                     Marriage

.553 1                          Laws about number of spouses – monogamy vs. polygamy

.553 2                          Restrictions as to whom one may marry

.553 22                              Restrictions based on membership of a different religion

Class here interfaith marriage

.553 24                              Restrictions based on consanguinity

.553 3                          Courtship, betrothal

.553 4                          Parental consent.

.553 6                          Dowry, bride price

.553 8                          Divorce - remarriage

.554                     Law concerned with death

.554 3                          Treatment of human remains, burial – cremation

.554 4                          Laws concerned with mourning

.554 5                          Laws of inheritance

.555                     Responsibility for children

Class here laws concerning child rearing.

.555 3                          Responsibility for the physical welfare of children

.555 5                          Responsibility for the moral/spiritual welfare of children

.555 7                         Responsibility for education of children

Class religious education of children at 208.752

.56             Status of individuals by social position, sex, age etc. (apart from topics listed above)

Add to the base number 206.56 numbers from Table PS1 – most likely headings are listed below – but refer to the table for more detail.

.562                      Children

.563                      Adolescents, youth, university students

.564                      Adults

.5642                           Men

.5643                           Women

.565                      Persons in late adulthood – elderly

.566                      Persons experiencing illness, trouble, bereavement

.567                      Persons of a particular class or caste – social and economic status

.567 1                          Persons of lower, working, oppressed class or caste

.567 5                          Persons of middle class

.567 8                          Members of upper, privileged classes

.568                      Occupational groups

Add to the number 206.568 the Dewey number for the discipline involved – e.g., Religious law relating to members of the medical profession, health workers 206.56861.

.569                      People by religious status – religious groups

.569 1                          New and recent converts – people isolated from fellow believers

.569 5                          Persons in religious orders

.569 6                          Clergy, religious leaders

.57             Religious punishments

.572                      Religious sanctions

.575                      Fines and confiscations

.577                      Corporal punishment and torture

.577 2                          Beating

.577 3                          Disfigurement, mutilation

.577 4                          Branding

.577 5                          Amputation

.577 6                          Torture

.578                      Imprisonment

.578 9                          Life imprisonment

.579                      Capital punishment

207  Festive and holy days

Class here works on religious calendars and events in general – class holy days, festivals etc. of particular faiths with those faiths – e.g. Hindu holy days 227, Bahá’í holy days 297.

 

208  Religious life and practice

Class here spirituality. All topics under this heading refer to religion in general – or several particular religions. For any of these topics as they relate to a particular religion – see that religion.

.1          Fundamental Bases of religion (e.g. Covenants)

.2          Pilgrimage and Holy places, objects

.21             Pilgrimage

.26             Holy places

Add to the base number 208.26 numbers 4-9 from table 2.

.27             Relics, objects with sacred associations

.3          Personal Devotions, symbols of dedication

.32             General devotional literature

Class here meditations. Class scriptural collections in this category at 204.326, devotional literature on specific subjects with the subject concerned – e.g. guides to a good and holy life at 205.4, devotional literature consisting mainly or entirely of prayers at 208.33. Class devotional literature, meditations for holy days, festivals under 207

For devotional literature for particular classes of person – add to the base number 208.32 notation from table PS1 – e.g. Class devotional literature written to console and fortify people suffering from bereavement 208.3266

.33             Prayer

Class here general, comprehensive works on prayer, the power of prayer

.331                      Texts of prayers (other than scriptural texts) – prayer books

.333                      Ablutions

.334                      Ritual genuflections, prostrations

.335                      Turning to a point of adoration

.336                      Devices and aids to prayer

.336 3                          Beads, other aids to counting prayers

.336 5                          Prayer wheels

.338                      Prayer to, in the name of, particular deity, saint etc.

.34             Repetition of holy verses, spells etc.

.35             Reading, reciting of scripture

.4          Ritual self-denial and abstinence – asceticism – vows

For asceticism, celibacy etc. connected with monastic or priestly vows use 209.58 or 209.63

.42             Sexual self-denial

.423                      Celibacy

.43             Ascetic rules of dress

Class laws of dress applying to all believers at 206.35

.44             Dietary self-denial

.443                      Fasting

Class periods of fast in 207 – class dietary laws and restrictions at 206.33

.445                      Extreme dietary self denial – fasting unto death

.45             Ahimsa (ascetic avoidance of taking life)

.46             Ascetic isolation, solitude

Including vows of silence – retreats.

.47             Voluntary poverty (including mendicism)

.48             Other physical austerities

.483                      Flagellation

.485                      Self mutilation

.5          Meditation and mysticism, religious experience

.53             Meditation and contemplation

.533                      Physical techniques and aids to meditation

Class here Yoga and similar systems.

.534                      Mental and spiritual techniques and aids to meditation

.535                      Trance

.54             Enlightenment

.56             Religious ecstasy

.562                      Visions, hearing of voices

.563                      Stigmata, signs

.564                      Speaking in tongues

.58             Mysticism

.6          Other Mystic Practices

Class here general works on the occult from a religious point of view. Class belief in the occult as a religion in its own right at 212.365 – works on religious law connected with occult practices at 206.328 4

.62             Religious healing

Class here spiritual healing, faith healing. Class miracles of prophet of God, Messiah at 205.215.

.63             Practice of magic, witchcraft, shamanism

Class here magic and witchcraft used in various religions. Class magic and witchcraft as used by a particular religion with that religion, class belief in magic and witchcraft as systems of belief in their own right under 212.365. See also esoteric mystic abilities at 208.69.

.631                      Harmful, “black” magic

.632                      Beneficial, “white” magic

Class healing magic at 208.62

.635                      Objects with (supposed) mystic, magical properties.

Class here the wearing of such objects (talismans, good luck charms etc.) for protection or other purposes. See also use of symbolic objects in worship at 208.836

.64             Casting out of evil spirits, exorcism

.66             Spiritualist activities (communication with the dead)

For spiritualism as a religion in its own right, see 212.38

.665                      Raising bodies of the dead (zombiism)

.68             Divination, prophecy

Including omens, oracles. For prophecy enshrined in scripture, see 204.149 – for prophecies of major religious teachers see 205.219.

.69             Esoteric mystic abilities

Class here ESP associated with religion. For magical powers in general use 208.63

.691                      Clairvoyance

.692                      Telepathy

.693                      Mind reading

.694                      Levitation

.695                      Astral travel

.697                      Materialisation

.7          Religious education

Class here religion as an academic subject. Class religious education in a particular religion with that religion. Class evangelism, missionary activities under 209.8.

.72             Importance in general spiritual development

.73             Methods

.731                      Self-education – personal improvement

.732                      Informal gatherings, discussions

.733                      Formal classes etc

.734                      Summer schools, camps

.735                      Use of drama (including electronic media - puppetry)

.737                      Preaching, sermons, lectures

Class sermons, lectures on particular topics with the topic concerned.

.738                      Use of particular types of materials

.738 6                          Audiovisual materials

.739                      Use of mass media

.739 2                          Print media

.739 4                          Radio

Class radio drama at 208.735

.739 6                          Television

Class television drama at 208.735

.75             Religious education for particular groups of people

Add to base number 208.75 relevant numbers from table PS1. Most likely headings are enumerated below – but refer to the table for further detail if necessary

.752                      Children

.753                      Adolescents, youth, university students

.754                      Adults

.754 2                          Men

.754 3                          Women

.755                      Persons in late adulthood – elderly

.756                      Persons experiencing illness, trouble, bereavement

.757                      Persons of a particular class or caste – social and economic status

.757 1                          Persons of lower, working, oppressed class or caste

.757 12                              Persons of lower class or caste due to race or birth

Including oppressed minorities, e.g. untouchables, indigenous peoples.

.757 14                              Persons of lower class due to misfortune

.757 142                                  Victims of natural disasters, war, religious persecution

Class here refugees, displaced persons.

.7571 43                                  Victims of unjust social systems – economic disasters, depressions

Class here unemployed, exploited workers.

.757 15                              Persons of lower class due to occupation, workers

 Class members of particular occupations under .758

.757 5                          Persons of middle class

Class members of particular occupations under .758

.757 8                          Members of upper, privileged classes

.758                      Occupational groups

Add to the number 208.758 the Dewey number for the discipline involved – e.g., Religious education for members of the medical profession, health workers 208.758 61.

.759                      People by religious status – religious groups

.759 1                          New and recent converts – people isolated from fellow believers

.759 13                              New converts

.759 15                              Isolated believers

.759 5                          Persons in religious orders

.759 6                          Clergy, religious leaders

.76             Particular subjects in religious education

Add to the base number 208.76 the numbers following 20 in 201-209 – e.g. learning about scripture 208.764 – training religious educators 208.7687

.77             Places, schools, institutions of religious education

.772                      Religious education in secular schools

.773                      Religious education in religious schools

.775                      Religious education in tertiary institutions

.777                      Colleges, institutes of religious education

.8          Worship and other public acts of devotion

Including individual and community praise of God (or gods), communal and individual confession of sins, ritual purification, celebration of holy days, special occasions.

Class here works on worship as a topic in comparative religion. Class worship connected with a particular religion with that religion. Class personal prayer, reading of scripture at 208.35. Class sermons and preaching at 208.737

.81             Essential nature, theory of worship

Class here liturgical renewal.

.82             Order of worship, services

.822                      Service books – texts of liturgies

.823                      Congregational prayer

.824                      Reading, reciting, chanting scripture in worship

Class description, discussion of special copies of scripture used in worship at 208.835 4

.83             Symbolism in religious ritual

.833                      Use of colour, lights

.835                      Particular symbols and symbolic objects

.835 2                          Mandalas

.835 3                          Crosses, crucifixes

.835 4                          Special copies of scripture used in worship

Actual copies of scripture, in whatever form, are classed under 204

.836                      Wearing of symbolic objects

Including rings, medals, and other jewellery. Class particular symbols at 208.835 – vestments and other special clothing at 208.8372 – Class the wearing of objects with (supposed) mystic, magical properties at 208.635

.837                      Use of art and artefacts, substances in worship

Class the relationship between art and religion in general at 201.77 – class religious art in 700s

.837 2                          Vestments, prayer shawls, caps – other special clothing connected with worship

.837 3                          Furnishings and decoration in houses of worship

.837 4                          Images, icons, idols – representations of gods, spirits, totem figures etc.

.837 5                          Relics, objects with sacred associations

.837 6                          Use of fire and burning objects in worship (including candles, incense etc)

.838                      Use of drama in worship (including electronic media - puppetry)

.839                      Use of pageantry in worship (e.g. parades and processions)

.84             Use of music and dance in worship

Class religious music in general at 781.7 or 782.22 – the relationship between Music and Religion at 201.778

.844                      Singing, song books, “Hymnals” etc.

.846                      Instrumental music in worship

.848                      Dance in worship

.85             Celebration of particular occasions

.852                      Rites of passage

Including ceremonies for naming, initiation, coming of age etc.

.853                      Rites connected with marriage

.854                      Funerals and mourning rites

.854 3                          Funerals

.854 5                          Mourning rites

.857                      Celebration of feasts, holy days etc.

.858                      Times of the day

.858 2                          Dawn, morning worship

.858 5                          Noon worship

.858 8                          Afternoon and evening worship

.858 9                          Late night worship (vigils, midnight worship)   

.859                      Prayers, worship to accompany specific human activities

.859 5                          Prayers at mealtimes

.86             Rites of purification, absolution

.861                      Rites of personal, family purification

.861 4                          Fire walking

.861 5                          Ritual bathing

.862                      Sacrifices, offerings

For money offerings, collections, use 208.9

.862 3                          Votive offerings

.862 9                          Animal sacrifices

.863                      Confession of sins

.865                      Penances

.866                      Absolution, forgiveness

.867                      Last rites – anointing the sick

.87             Other sacraments

(Use only for sacraments not allowed for under 208.85/6).

.88             Other rites and rituals

.882                      Rites of dedication, blessing

.882 3                          of buildings (e.g. of houses of worship)

.882 5                          of vehicles (e.g. ambulances, aircraft, ships)

.89             Interfaith and ecumenical worship

.9          Charity, donations to religions, “collections”.

Class here almsgiving. For obligatory payment of tithes, regular contributions to religious institutions, class under 206.316. For charity, generosity as virtues, use  205.444

 

209  Institutions and organisations, administration

.03             Directories

.04             Statistics

.06             General administrative rules – law governing religious bodies

.1          General Administrative Topics

.11             General administration

For subjects not allowed for below - add to the base number 209.11 the numbers following 65 in 651-659 – e.g. General Office administration 209.111. For public relations, advertising use 209.83, rather than 209.119.

.15             Elections

.158                      Conventions etc. called for the purpose of holding elections

.18             Conferences and regional meetings

.2          Administrative Centres and Houses of Worship

.22             World headquarters

.24             National centres

 

.25             Local and district centres, communities, congregations

.253                      District, provincial centres

.255                      Local centres, congregations

For pastoral care (by clergy) see 209.657 – for outreach, evangelism etc. see topics under 209.8

.255 3                          Isolated, rural areas

.255 4                          Suburban areas

.255 5                          Urban, inner urban areas

.26             Houses of worship

Class here general works on temples, churches, synagogues etc. – for particular houses of worship, or kinds of houses of worship, associated with a particular faith – class with the faith concerned. For houses of worship as places for pilgrimage – class under 208.26.

.3          Administrative Institutions

.34             Governing institutions

.38             Protective institutions

.4          Clubs, associations, societies etc.

Including secret societies etc.

.42             General

.422                      International

.424                      National and Local

.425                      Institutional

.425 7                          University religious associations

.44             Societies for particular groups of people

Add to the base number 209.44 notation from Table PS1 – see 299.44 for examples.

.45             Special interest groups

Add to the base number 209.45 the Dewey number for the subject concerned – see 299.45 for an example of this pattern.

.5               Religious orders and monasticism - monasteries and convents

Class personal self-denial, fasting etc. at 208.4 – class monasticism in a particular religion with that religion – e.g. Buddhist monasticism at 249.5, Christian monasticism at 279.5.

.501                     Vocation, selection, entry into religious orders

.52             Monastic Centres, monasteries, convents etc.

.522                      World headquarters of various orders

.524                      National centres

.525                      Religious communities

.526                      Monastery and convent buildings, abbeys, friaries

For monasteries, convents as places for pilgrimage – class under 208.26

.55             Kinds

.551                      Solitary monks, hermits, dervishes etc.

.553                      Kinds of religious order

[.56             Specific Orders]

Do not use 209.56. Class specific orders with the religion concerned, under (e.g.) 279.56, or 249.56. (Although this would be the logical place for an interfaith order).

.58             Rules, vows

Add to base number 209.58 numbers following 208.4 (as in the following examples).

.582 3                   Celibacy

.584 3                   Fasting

.586                      Isolation, solitude, silence

.587                      Voluntary poverty (including mendicism)

.588                      Other austerities

.6          Clergy and other religious leadership - priesthood, pastoral duties

Class religious leaders under monastic vows under 209.5 – class clergy, religious leadership in a particular religion with that religion.

.601                     Vocation, selection, entry into priesthood, clergy, religious leadership

.61             Kinds and degrees

.62             Religious leaders, functionaries with specialised duties

Add to the base number 209.62 numbers following 208, as appropriate – thus:

.622 6                   Guardians, caretakers of Holy Places

.623 3                   Prayer leaders, muezzins

.626 2                   Religious healers

.626 3                   Sorcerers, magicians, wizards, witches etc.

.626 4                   Exorcists

.627                      Catechists, religious educators

.627 37                        Preachers

.628                      Leaders of worship

.628 24                        Readers of scripture

.628 44                        Leaders of religious song

.628 5                          Celebrants of particular rites

Add to base number 209.6285 notation following 208.85 - e.g. Marriage celebrants 209.62853

.629                      Leaders of charitable functions and the collection of funds

.63             Rules, vows

Where applicable – add to base number 209.63 numbers following 209.58 – e.g. priestly celibacy 209.6323

.64             Ordination and initiation

Use 208.875 for ceremonies involved with ordination of religious leaders

.643                      Ordination of women

.65             Duties

For religious education use 208.7 – including preaching and sermons at 208.737 – for evangelism use 209.8

.657                     Pastoral care

Including counselling, spiritual direction and guidance – consolation.

.657 5                          Of particular groups of people

Add to the base number 209.6575 numbers from Table PS1 – some likely headings are listed below – but refer to the table for more detail.

.657 52                              Children

.657 53                              Adolescents, youth, university students

.657 54                              Adults

.657 542                                  Men

.657 543                                  Women

.657 55                              Persons in late adulthood – elderly

.657 56                              Persons experiencing illness, trouble, bereavement

.657 571                                  Persons of lower, working, oppressed class or caste – the poor

.657 58                              Occupational groups

Add to the number 209.65758 the Dewey number for the discipline involved – e.g., Pastoral care of members of the medical profession, health workers 209.6575861, chaplaincy to the military 209.65758355.

.657 59                              People by religious status – religious groups

.657 591                                  New and recent converts – people isolated from fellow believers

.657 595                                  Persons in religious orders

.657 596                                  Clergy, religious leaders

.8          Missionary and related activities, evangelism

Class missionary, evangelising activities of a particular religion with that religion – class religious education at 208.7 – class here religious revivals, renewal campaigns.

N.B. The Christian terms “Missions” and “evangelism” are used here as the ordinary English words for this sort of thing. Other religions often have their own terms for activities designed to attract new membership or confirm existing members – where known, these are used at the appropriate point, otherwise, common-sense translations should be made!

.801                     Importance of

.802                     Role in spiritual development of individual

.81             Evangelistic plans and campaigns

.82             History of evangelism

.83             Public relations and advertising

.835                      Advertising, publicity

.837                      Public relations

.84             Methods of evangelism

.841                      Distribution of literature

.842                      By personal example and persuasion in daily life

.844                      At social gatherings

.845                      By visiting different communities

.846                      At formal gatherings

.847                      By confronting strangers

.847 3                          “Street preaching”

.847 5                          “Door-knocking”

.848                      Use of particular types of materials

.848 6                          Audiovisual materials

.849                      Use of mass media

.849 2                          Print media

.849 4                          Radio

.849 6                          Television

.85             Evangelising particular groups, classes of people

Add to base number 209.85 relevant numbers from table PS1. Most likely headings will be similar to those found under 208.75 – but refer to the table for further detail if necessary

.86             Religious revival, renewal, consolidation. Community care and support.

.861                      Religious revivals

.861 3                          “Conversion” (in the sense of religious, moral renewal)

For conversion in the sense of religious change use 206.311 – 206.314

.862                      Community Development

.863                      Care and support of particular classes of people

Add to base number 209.863 relevant numbers from table PS1. Class here Seamen’s Missions – City Missions and other similar charitable organisations.

.87             Missionary work

Missionary work on behalf of a particular religion is classed, of course, with the religion concerned – e.g. Christian missions at 279.87

.872                      History of missions

.876                      Work of religious missions in particular  countries, regions etc.

As should be obvious – add to the base number 209.876 notation 4-9 from Table 2. Thus African missions 209.8766

.878                      Non-evangelical work of religious missions

Class here charitable, medical, educational work of religious missions. Add to base number 209.878 appropriate notation from the main Dewey schedule e.g. 209.87861 for medical missions.